6-1-1. Powers and duties of Department of Transportation - Aviation and aviation facilities generally.

The Department of Transportation shall have the following powers and duties:

1. To plan for and establish a long-term policy in regard to the establishment, development, and maintenance of aviation and aviation facilities in the state;
2. To promote and encourage the use of aviation facilities of the state for air commerce in the state and between the state, other states, and foreign countries;
3. To cooperate, counsel, and advise with the State Transportation Board in regard to the planning, construction, development, and maintenance of airports, landing fields, and air navigation facilities in the state;
4. To cooperate, counsel, and advise with municipalities and other political subdivisions of the state and with other departments, boards, bureaus, commissions, agencies, or establishments, whether federal, state, or local, or public or private, for the purpose of promoting and obtaining coordination in the planning for and in the establishment of development, maintenance, and protection of a system of air routes, airports, landing fields, and other aviation facilities in the state.

   (Ga. L. 1949, p. 249, § 14; Ga. L. 1959, p. 262, § 15; Ga. L. 1962, p. 694, § 7; Ga. L. 1972, p. 1015, § 2005.)

Cross references. - Provisions regarding powers and duties of Department of Transportation regarding aviation, § 32-2-2 .

Department of Transportation aid for airport development, § 32-9-7 .

Licensing of airports by Department of Transportation, § 32-9-8 .

6-1-2. Powers and duties of Department of Transportation - Establishment of air markers.

1. The Department of Transportation is authorized to establish air markers at appropriate locations throughout the state to facilitate air navigation within the state. Said markers shall consist of painting on appropriately located roofs of buildings the names of towns or cities within which such buildings are located, such names to be painted in sufficient size to be legible under good visibility conditions from a height of at least 3,000 feet.
2. The department is authorized to obtain roof releases from the owners of buildings upon which air markers are to be painted, or otherwise to obtain permission from such owners to use such roofs for such purposes, and to pay the owners reasonable and nominal rentals therefor, if payment is necessary in order to obtain the appropriate permission for the use of such roofs for such purposes.

   (Ga. L. 1965, p. 105, §§ 1, 2; Ga. L. 1972, p. 1015, § 2005.)

Cross references. - Powers and duties of department as regards aviation, § 32-2-2 .

6-1-3. Installation of safety markers on utility lines to provide for adequate visual warning in use of private airstrips; definitions; powers and duties of department.

1. As used in this Code section, the term:
   1. "Appurtenant utility line" means an above ground electrical power line or nonelectrical cable or wire that penetrates a 20:1 approach slope as measured from the runway threshold at either end of the private airstrip.
   2. "Installation fee schedule" means a listing of fees necessary to purchase and install safety markers as determined by the department.
   3. "Private airstrip" means a privately owned landing strip for airplanes, gliders, or helicopters for personal or private use that is not open to the general public and not subject to the provisions of Code Section 32-9-8.
   4. "Safety marker" means a highly visible object or device affixed to an appurtenant utility line which alerts operators of aircraft to the existence of the appurtenant utility line.
2. Any owner of a private airstrip may make a written notice, either by certified mail or statutory overnight delivery, return receipt requested, to an owner of an appurtenant utility line requesting the installation of safety markers. Such notice shall be accompanied by a check or money order in the amount of $100.00 made payable to the owner of the appurtenant utility line for the work to be performed by the owner of the appurtenant utility line under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection. Within 90 days of the owner of an appurtenant utility line's receipt of such written notice, the owner of the appurtenant utility line shall:
   1. Determine the appropriate type, number, and location of safety markers to be installed on the appurtenant utility line which will provide adequate visual warning to the flying public of the close proximity of the appurtenant utility lines to the private airstrip;
   2. Determine the installation fee costs for the installation of such safety markers based on the installation fee schedule developed by the department; and
   3. Provide notice to the owner of the private airstrip as to the type, number, location, and installation fee of the requisite safety markers.

      The owner of the appurtenant utility line shall file a request for review pursuant to subsection (e) of this Code section if such owner is unable to comply or anticipates being unable to comply with this subsection for any reason, including but not limited to the time provided for responding to the owner of the private airstrip, the time provided for installation, or the fees set in the installation fee schedule.

3. The owner of the private airstrip shall have 90 days from the receipt of notice under paragraph (3) of subsection (b) of this Code section to:
   1. Remit to the owner of the appurtenant utility line the full amount of the installation fee;
   2. File a request for review pursuant to subsection (e) of this Code section; or
   3. Provide written notice to the owner of the appurtenant utility line of his or her decision not to pursue the installation of the safety markers. If the owner of the private airstrip provides such written notice or does not take any action under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, the owner of the appurtenant utility line shall have no further obligation under this Code section; provided, however, that this paragraph shall not be construed to prohibit the owner of the private airstrip from sending written notice pursuant to subsection (b) of this Code section to the same owner of an appurtenant utility line in any subsequent calendar year so long as the owner of the private airstrip does not exceed one written notice to the same owner of an appurtenant utility line in any calendar year.
4. If the owner of the private airstrip pays the full amount of the installation fee under paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of this Code section, the owner of the appurtenant utility line shall have 90 days from receipt of payment to purchase the safety markers and complete the installation. The owner of the appurtenant utility line shall file a request for review pursuant to subsection (e) of this Code section and may be granted up to two extensions of time not to exceed 90 days total upon a showing that the need for an extension is the result of force majeure, grid reliability, work scheduling conflicts, or the lack of market supply of the requisite safety markers and other necessary equipment.
5. If any owner of an appurtenant utility line fails to comply with any provision of this Code section or any owner of an appurtenant utility line anticipates an inability to comply with any provision of this Code section, then an order enforcing this Code section or granting an exception may be sought from the department. Either party may file with the department a written request for review of the matter. Any such request for review shall be accompanied by a filing fee of $50.00 and shall include any documents or forms required by the department. A copy of such request for review shall be served upon the other party by certified mail or statutory overnight delivery, return receipt requested. The department shall within 30 days after the filing of such request investigate the matter and issue an order either requiring the owner of the appurtenant utility line to take such action as is necessary for purposes of compliance with this Code section or grant an exception to the owner of the appurtenant utility line as to time for compliance or a deviation from the installation fee schedule of the department. Copies of any such order of the department shall be served upon all parties by certified mail or statutory overnight delivery, return receipt requested. The department shall keep detailed records of its costs of investigation and review for purposes of this subsection, and such records shall be subject to public inspection as provided by Article 4 of Chapter 18 of Title 50.
6. If any owner of an appurtenant utility line fails to comply with any order of the department under subsection (e) of this Code section within 15 days after receipt of such order, then after notice and opportunity for a hearing, such owner of an appurtenant utility line shall be subject to a civil penalty in the amount of $1,000.00 per day beginning 15 days after the date of receipt of the order of the department until the owner of the appurtenant utility line has complied with the order of the department; provided, however, that the department may grant an extension of time for compliance without penalty upon a showing that the owner of the appurtenant utility line's failure to timely comply was due to force majeure. Any fine under this subsection shall be tolled for the period from the filing of a petition for a judicial review and shall be subject to judicial review in such manner as is provided by law for judicial review of contested cases under Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act," until the rendering of a final decision.
7. The department shall promulgate such rules and regulations as are necessary to implement the provisions of this Code section, including, but not limited to, the promulgation of rules and regulations to establish installation fee schedules based on utility best practices.
8. An owner of a private airstrip shall have immunity from any civil liability that would otherwise be incurred or imposed as a result of taking or failing to take any action pursuant to this Code section. This Code section shall not be construed as imposing any additional duty on an owner of a private airstrip which is not already otherwise imposed by law. (Code 1981, § 32-9-8.1 , enacted by Ga. L. 2014, p. 825, § 1/HB 494; Code 1981, § 6-1-3 , as redesignated by Ga. L. 2016, p. 864, § 32/HB 737.)

Effective date. - This Code section became effective April 29, 2014, for purposes of proposing rules and regulations and effective for all other purposes on October 1, 2014.

The 2016 amendment, effective May 3, 2016, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, redesignated former Code Section 32-9-8.1 as present Code Section 6-1-3.

6-1-4. Unmanned aircraft system defined; preemption for unmanned aircraft systems; operations.

1. 1. As used in this Code section, the term "unmanned aircraft system" means a powered, aerial vehicle that:
      1. Does not carry a human operator and is operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft;
      2. Uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift;
      3. Can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely; and
      4. Can be expendable or recoverable.
   2. Such term shall not include a satellite.
2. Any ordinance, resolution, regulation, or policy of any county, municipality, or other political subdivision of this state regulating the testing or operation of unmanned aircraft systems shall be deemed preempted and shall be null, void, and of no force and effect; provided, however, that a county, municipality, or other political subdivision of this state may:
   1. Enforce any ordinance that was adopted on or before April 1, 2017;
   2. Adopt an ordinance that enforces Federal Aviation Administration restrictions; or
   3. Adopt an ordinance that provides for or prohibits the launch or intentional landing of an unmanned aircraft system from or on its public property except with respect to the operation of an unmanned aircraft system for commercial purposes.
3. The state, through agency or departmental rules and regulations, may provide for or prohibit the launch or intentional landing of an unmanned aircraft system from or on its public property. (Code 1981, § 6-1-4 , enacted by Ga. L. 2017, p. 758, § 1/HB 481.)

Effective date. - This Code section became effective July 1, 2017.

Cross references. - Use of unmanned aircraft system to photograph or record incarceration facilities, § 42-5-18 .

Law reviews. - For annual survey on commercial transportation, see 69 Mercer L. Rev. 41 (2017). For annual survey on commercial transportation: a two-year survey, see 71 Mercer L. Rev. 39 (2019).

6-2-1. Legislative intent.

It is declared that the intent of this chapter is to coincide with the policies, principles, and practices established by the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 and all amendments thereto.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 11; Code 1933, § 11-110.)

U.S. Code. - The Federal Aviation Act of 1958, referred to in this section, is codified as 49 U.S.C. § 1301.

Law reviews. - For annual survey on commercial transportation, see 69 Mercer L. Rev. 41 (2017).

6-2-2. "Airman" defined.

As used in this chapter, the term "airman" means any individual who engages, as the person in command or as pilot, mechanic, or member of the crew, in the navigation of aircraft while underway; and any individual who is directly in charge of the inspection, maintenance, overhauling, or repair of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, or appliances; or any individual who serves in the capacity of aircraft dispatcher or air traffic control tower operator.

6-2-3. Effect of contractual and other legal relations entered into aboard aircraft while in flight over state.

All contractual and other legal relations entered into by airmen or passengers while in flight over this state shall have the same effect as if entered into on the land or water beneath.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 8; Code 1933, § 11-108.)

6-2-4. Laws governing crimes committed aboard aircraft while in flight over state.

Unless otherwise provided by law, all crimes committed by or against an airman or by or against a passenger or other person or on or by means of an aircraft while in flight over this state shall be governed by the laws of this state.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 9; Code 1933, § 11-109.)

Cross references. - Venue for criminal actions stemming from crimes committed upon aircraft traveling within state, § 17-2-2 .

6-2-5. Lawful flight over lands and waters of state.

Flight in aircraft over the lands and waters shall be lawful unless at such a low altitude as to interfere with the then existing reasonable use to which the land or water or space over the land or water is put by the owner of the land or water or unless so conducted as to be imminently dangerous to persons or property lawfully on the land or water beneath.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 1; Code 1933, § 11-101.)

Law reviews. - For note, "A Study of the Development and Current Status in Georgia of Inverse Condemnation Suits by a Landowner for Taking by Aerial Flights," see 2 Ga. St. B.J. 232 (1965).

6-2-5.1. Operation or physical control of aircraft while under the influence of alcohol or drugs; penalty.

1. A person shall not operate or be in actual physical control of an aircraft in this state:
   1. Within eight hours after the consumption of any alcoholic beverage;
   2. While under the influence of alcohol;
   3. While using any drug that affects such person's faculties in any way contrary to safety; or
   4. While there is 0.04 percent or more by weight of alcohol in his blood.
2. Any person arrested for violation of this Code section shall, at the request of a law enforcement officer of the state or any political subdivision, be administered a test as provided by and subject to the restrictions of subsection (a) of Code Section 40-6-392.
3. A person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in an amount not to exceed $2,000.00. (Code 1981, § 6-2-5.1 , enacted by Ga. L. 1989, p. 276, § 1.)

6-2-5.2. Homicide by aircraft.

Any person who, without malice aforethought, causes the death of another person through the violation of Code Section 6-2-5.1 commits the offense of homicide by aircraft and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than two years nor more than 15 years.

(Code 1981, § 6-2-5.2 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1443, § 1.)

6-2-6. Rules for determination of liability for injury to or death of passengers.

The liability of the operator of an aircraft carrying passengers, for injury to or death of such passengers, shall be determined by the rules of law applicable to torts on land arising out of similar relationships.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 7; Code 1933, § 11-107.)

Cross references. - Duties of carriers of passengers generally, § 46-9-132 .

6-2-7. Rules for determination of liability of owners of aircraft for damages caused by collisions.

The liability of the owner of one aircraft to the owner of another aircraft or to pilots on either aircraft for damage caused by collision on land or in the air shall be determined by the rules of law applicable to torts on land.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 6; Code 1933, § 11-106.)

6-2-8. Proof of injury to persons or property on ground deemed prima-facie evidence of negligence.

Proof of injury inflicted to persons or property on the ground by the operation of any aircraft and contact therewith or by objects falling or thrown therefrom shall be prima-facie evidence of negligence on the part of the operator of such aircraft in reference to such injury.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 5; Code 1933, § 11-105.)

6-2-9. Requirements as to licensing of aircraft.

Since the public safety requires, and the advantages of uniform regulation make it desirable in the interest of aeronautical progress, that aircraft operating within the state should conform, with respect to design, construction, and airworthiness, to the standards prescribed by the federal government with respect to navigation of civil aircraft subject to its jurisdiction, it shall be unlawful for any person to operate or navigate any aircraft unless such aircraft has an appropriate effective license issued by the Federal Aviation Administration and is registered by the Federal Aviation Administration; provided, however, that this restriction shall not apply to military aircraft of the United States or possessions thereof, to public aircraft of any state or territory, or to aircraft licensed by a foreign country with which the United States has a reciprocal agreement covering the operation of such licensed aircraft.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 2; Code 1933, § 11-102.)

6-2-10. Requirements as to licensing of pilots.

Since the public safety requires, and the advantages of uniform regulation make it desirable in the interest of aeronautical progress, that a person engaging in navigating or operating aircraft in any form of navigation shall have the qualifications necessary for obtaining and holding a pilot's license issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, it shall be unlawful for any person to operate or navigate any aircraft unless such person is the holder of an appropriate effective pilot's license or permit issued by the Federal Aviation Administration; provided, however, that this restriction shall not apply to those persons operating military aircraft of the United States or possessions thereof, or operating public aircraft of any state or territory, or operating any aircraft licensed by a foreign country with which the United States has a reciprocal agreement covering the operation of such licensed aircraft.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 3; Code 1933, § 11-103.)

6-2-11. Possession and display of licenses.

The certificate of the license required for pilots shall be kept in the personal possession of the licensee when he is operating aircraft; the certificate of the license required for aircraft shall be kept in the aircraft at all times when the aircraft is being used; and either or both of the certificates must be presented for inspection upon the demand of any passenger, any peace officer, or any official, manager, or person in charge of any airport or landing field upon which the pilot or aircraft shall land.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 4; Code 1933, § 11-104.)

6-2-12. Penalty for violation of provisions of chapter.

Any person violating any provision of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 99, § 10; Code 1933, § 11-9901.)

6-3-1. Construction and maintenance of air facilities by Department of Transportation.

1. The Department of Transportation is authorized and empowered to construct and maintain airports, landing fields, air navigation facilities, and lighting and lighting fixtures and to contract with the counties and municipalities of the state for the construction and maintenance of such airports, landing fields, air navigation facilities, and lighting and lighting fixtures, all in accordance with the Federal Aviation Administration's specifications, regulations of the federal government, and upon such terms and conditions as the Department of Transportation may determine.
2. The State Transportation Board is given the right of eminent domain to acquire sites for such airports, landing fields, and air navigation facilities.

   (Ga. L. 1941, p. 237, § 2; Ga. L. 1965, p. 449, § 1; Ga. L. 1972, p. 1015, § 2004.)

Cross references. - Department of Transportation aid for airport development, § 32-9-7 .

Licensing of airports by Department of Transportation, § 32-9-8 .

6-3-20. Acquisition, construction, maintenance, and control of airports and landing fields by local governments authorized.

1. Counties, municipalities, and other political subdivisions are authorized, separately or jointly, to acquire, establish, construct, expand, own, lease, control, equip, improve, maintain, operate, regulate, and police airports and landing fields for the use of aircraft, either within or without the geographical limits of such counties, municipalities, and other political subdivisions, and may use for such purpose or purposes any available property that is owned or controlled by such counties, municipalities, or other political subdivisions. Counties and municipalities may enter into cooperative agreements with community improvement districts for the improvement of airports and landing fields within such community improvement districts, and community improvement districts may enter into such cooperative agreements with counties and municipalities for such purposes, in accordance with Article IX, Section VII of the Constitution.
2. All counties in the State of Georgia which are located on the boundary line between the State of Georgia and any other state, as well as all municipalities and other political subdivisions which are located in such boundary counties, are authorized, separately, jointly with each other, or jointly with any county, municipality, or political subdivision of any such border state, to acquire, establish, construct, expand, own, lease, control, equip, improve, maintain, operate, regulate, and police airports and landing fields for the use of aircraft, either within or without the geographical limits of such border counties and the municipalities and other political subdivisions therein contained in the State of Georgia or within the geographical limits of any county, municipality, or political subdivision of any such border state other than the State of Georgia.

   (Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 1; Code 1933, § 11-201; Ga. L. 1941, p. 380, § 1; Ga. L. 2012, p. 1342, § 1/SB 371.)

The 2012 amendment, effective July 1, 2012, added the last sentence in subsection (a).

Cross references. - Regulation and taxation of sale and storage of alcoholic beverages at county and municipal airports, § 3-8-1 .

Sale of distilled spirits, malt beverages, and wine by airline passenger carriers, §§ 3-9-1 , 3-9-2 .

Law reviews. - For article discussing extraterritorial condemnation of property by municipalities, see 12 Ga. L. Rev. 1 (1977). For comment on Howard v. City of Atlanta, 190 Ga. 730 , 10 S.E.2d 190 (1940), see 3 Ga. B.J. 57 (1940).

6-3-20.1. Management, ownership, or control of airports by foreign citizens or businesses with substantial foreign ownership prohibited.

1. As used in this Code section, the term:
   1. "Airport" means the real and personal property constituting an airport as a complete entity or unit, and the management, operation, or control of an airport means the overall management, operation, or control of the airport as a complete entity or unit.
   2. "Business entity with a substantial foreign ownership" means any business entity in which 25 percent or more of the equity in such business entity is owned by persons or other business entities that are not citizens of the United States.
   3. "Citizen of the United States" means any individual person who is a citizen of the United States and any business entity incorporated or having its principal place of business in the United States, but the term shall not include any business entity with a substantial foreign ownership.
   4. "Person" means an individual person.
2. No county, municipality, or other political subdivision and no public authority owning or controlling an airport shall sell, lease, or otherwise contract with any person or business entity which is not a citizen of the United States or with any business entity with a substantial foreign ownership to have such person or business entity manage, operate, own, or control such airport.
3. The provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section shall not prevent or be construed to prevent any person who is not a citizen of the United States or any business entity with a substantial foreign ownership from leasing or purchasing portions of any airport for the purpose of conducting such person's or entity's lawful business thereon or from leasing or subleasing portions of any airport for the purpose of allowing any other such person or entity to conduct its lawful business thereon. (Code 1981, § 6-3-20.1 , enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1845, § 1.)

Code Commission notes. - Pursuant to § 28-9-5 , in 1988, the comma was deleted following "entity's lawful business thereon" near the end of subsection (c).

6-3-21. Lands acquired, owned, leased, controlled, or occupied by local governments deemed for public purposes; effect on ad valorem taxation.

Any lands acquired, owned, leased, controlled, or occupied by counties, municipalities, or other political subdivisions for the purpose or purposes enumerated in Code Section 6-3-20 shall be and are declared to be acquired, owned, leased, controlled, or occupied for public, governmental, and municipal purposes; provided, however, that with respect to facilities located on such lands, which lands are located outside of the territorial limits of the political subdivision that leases such lands and which are leased to, controlled, or occupied by private parties, the interests created in such private parties, for the purpose of ad valorem taxation only, are declared not to be used for public, governmental, or municipal purposes and said resulting interests, so long as the interests create an estate in land, are subject to ad valorem taxation; provided, further, that the underlying fee interest in such property which remains vested in the county, municipality, or other political subdivision shall be deemed to be used for public, governmental, and municipal purposes. The municipality's interest in lands and the facilities located thereon located inside the territorial limits of a municipality which are owned by that municipality for the purposes enumerated in Code Section 6-3-20, are declared to be used for public, governmental, or municipal purposes and are not subject to ad valorem taxation.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 2; Code 1933, § 11-202; Ga. L. 1983, p. 647, § 1; Ga. L. 1985, p. 1649, § 1; Ga. L. 2014, p. 824, § 1/HB 399.)

The 2014 amendment, effective April 29, 2014, substituted "so long as the interests create an estate in land" for "regardless of the extent of such interest, whether possessory or an estate in land" near the end of the first sentence.

6-3-22. Methods of acquisition of property for airports and landing fields.

Private property needed by a county, municipality, or other political subdivision for an airport or landing field or for the expansion of an airport or landing field may be acquired by grant, purchase, lease, or other means, if such county, municipality, or other political subdivision is able to agree with the owners of the property on the terms of such acquisition, and otherwise by condemnation in the manner provided by the law under which the county, municipality, or other political subdivision is authorized to acquire real property for public purposes; provided, however, that the power of condemnation may be exercised extraterritorially only with the consent of the governing authority of the county, municipality, or other political subdivision wherein the property is located, as expressed either in a resolution adopted by such governing authority, granting its consent to such condemnation, or by failure of such governing authority to adopt a resolution denying its consent to such condemnation within 60 days from the receipt of a resolution from the proposed condemnor requesting approval of such condemnation, or with the consent of the General Assembly, as expressed in a resolution enacted by the General Assembly, after denial of consent to such condemnation by the governing authority of the county, municipality, or other political subdivision wherein the property is located; provided, however, that for any proposed airport or airport expansion by a city into a county where such city is located, or by a county into a city located in such county, the decision of the governing body of the jurisdiction into which such proposed airport or airport expansion is to be located shall be final as to whether or not such power of condemnation may be exercised extraterritorially.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 3; Code 1933, § 11-203; Ga. L. 1992, p. 1434, § 1.)

Law reviews. - For note discussing the relation of airport zoning to the constitutional provision requiring just compensation for a taking of property, see 10 Ga. L. Rev. 218 (1975). For note on 1992 amendment of this Code section, see 9 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 149 (1992).

6-3-22.1. Acquisition of property outside territorial boundaries.

Repealed by Ga. L. 1991, p. 953, § 1, effective July 1, 1992.

Editor's notes. - This Code section was based on Code 1981, § 6-3-22.1 [repealed], enacted by Ga. L. 1991, p. 953, § 1.

6-3-23. Payment of costs of acquisition of property for airports or landing fields.

Costs of acquisition of real property, in accordance with this article, for an airport or landing field may be paid for by appropriation of moneys available therefor or wholly or partly from the proceeds of the sale of bonds of the county, municipality, or other political subdivision, as the legislative body of such political subdivision shall determine; subject however, to the adoption of a proposition therefor at a regular or special election, if the adoption of such a proposition is a prerequisite to the issuance of bonds of such county, municipality, or other political subdivision for public purposes generally.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 4; Code 1933, § 11-204.)

6-3-24. Appropriation of funds for development, operation, maintenance, or control of air facilities.

The local public authorities having power to appropriate moneys within the counties, municipalities, or other public subdivisions acquiring, establishing, developing, operating, maintaining, or controlling airports or landing fields under this article are authorized to appropriate and cause to be raised, by taxation or otherwise, in such counties, municipalities, or other political subdivisions, moneys sufficient to carry out therein the provisions of this article and to use for such purpose or purposes moneys derived from said airports or landing fields.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 6; Code 1933, § 11-206.)

6-3-25. Powers and duties of counties, municipalities, and political subdivisions as to airports generally.

Counties, municipalities, or other political subdivisions which establish airports or landing fields or which acquire, lease, or set apart real property for such purpose or purposes are authorized to:

1. Construct, equip, improve, maintain, and operate the same or vest authority for the construction, equipment, improvement, maintenance, and operation thereof in an officer, board, or body of the county, municipality, or other political subdivision. The expense of such construction, equipment, improvement, maintenance, and operation shall be a responsibility of the county, municipality, or other political subdivision;
2. Adopt regulations and establish charges, fees, and tolls for the use of such airports or landing fields, fix penalties for the violation of said regulations, and establish liens to enforce payment of said charges, fees, and tolls, subject to existing contracts;
3. Lease such airports or landing fields to private parties for operation or lease or assign to private parties for operation, space, area, improvements, and equipment on such airports or landing fields, provided in each case that in so doing the public is not deprived of its rightful, equal, and uniform use thereof; and
4. Lease portions of such property lying within any county having a population of 550,000 or more persons according to the United States decennial census of 1980 or any future such census for an initial term of up to 50 years, and to extend such leases, to private parties for development of such property for hotels and related facilities, conference centers, office buildings, commercial and retail uses, and other similar airport and travel related purposes, provided that:
   1. A lease under this paragraph shall expressly grant and convey to the lessee a taxable estate for years in both the property and any improvements upon such property as may be constructed and shall not grant or convey a nontaxable usufruct in either the property or the improvements upon such property; and
   2. The leasing authority granted under this paragraph shall not extend to property acquired for airport noise mitigation purposes pursuant to the former Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 (49 U.S.C. Section 1701, et seq.), as amended, or the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. Section 2201, et seq.), as amended.

      (Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 5; Code 1933, § 11-205; Ga. L. 1987, p. 631, § 1.)

6-3-26. Acquisition of rights and easements for radios, lights, markers, and other equipment associated with airport.

Counties, municipalities, and other political subdivisions are authorized to acquire the right or easement for a term of years, or perpetually, to place and maintain radio and other equipment, and suitable marks for the daytime, and to place, operate, and maintain suitable lights for the nighttime marking of buildings, or other structures or obstructions, for the safe operation of aircraft utilizing airports and landing fields acquired or maintained under this article. Such rights or easements may be acquired by grant, purchase, lease, or condemnation in the same manner as is provided in Code Section 6-3-22 for the acquisition of the airport or landing field itself or the expansion thereof.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 7; Code 1933, § 11-207.)

6-3-27. Enforcement of police regulations at airports; powers of law enforcement officers.

1. Counties, municipalities, or other political subdivisions acquiring, establishing, developing, operating, maintaining, or controlling airports or landing fields under this article outside the geographical limits of such subdivisions are specifically granted the right to enforce police regulations on such airports or landing fields.
2. A law enforcement officer of the county, municipality, or other political subdivision operating an airport or landing field outside the geographical limits of such political subdivision shall, when authorized by the county, municipality, or other political subdivision operating said airport or landing field, have the same law enforcement powers, including the powers of arrest, within such airport or landing field and on any public property within one-quarter mile of such airport or landing field as a law enforcement officer of the political subdivision in which such airport or landing field is located.
3. Nothing in this Code section shall be construed as limiting the authority of any law enforcement agency of the county, municipality, or other political subdivision in which such airport or landing field is located.

   (Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 8; Code 1933, § 11-208; Ga. L. 2002, p. 1094, § 2.)

Cross references. - Regulation and taxation of sale and storage of alcoholic beverages at county and municipal airports, § 3-8-1 .

Sale of distilled spirits, malt beverages, and wine by airline passenger carriers, §§ 3-9-1 , 3-9-2 .

Transportation passenger safety, § 16-12-121 et seq.

Editor's notes. - Ga. L. 2002, p. 1094, § 1, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act shall be known and may be cited as the 'Transportation Security Act of 2002.'"

6-3-28. Construction of article.

It is the intent and purpose of this article that all provisions relating to the issuance of bonds and the levying of taxes for airport purposes and the condemnation for airports and airport facilities shall be construed in accordance with general provisions of the law governing the right and procedure of municipalities to condemn, issue bonds, levy taxes, etc.

(Ga. L. 1933, p. 102, § 9; Code 1933, § 11-209.)

6-4-1. Short title.

This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Georgia Airport Development Authority Law."

(Code 1981, § 6-4-1 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-2. Authority created; purposes.

There is created the Georgia Airport Development Authority for the purposes of determination of location, construction, financing, acquisition of property, operation, and development of any new airports that are planned to accommodate aircraft operating under the provisions of 14 C.F.R. Part 121 within and outside the State of Georgia.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-2 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-3. Definitions.

As used in this chapter, the term:

1. "Authority" means the Georgia Airport Development Authority.
2. "Cost of the project" or "cost of any project" means and shall include:  all costs of acquisition, by purchase or otherwise, construction, assembly, installation, or the subsequent modification, renovation, or rehabilitation incurred in connection with any project or any part of any project; the cost of all lands, properties, rights, easements, fees, franchises, permits, approvals, licenses, and certifications acquired; the cost of all machinery and equipment necessary for the operation of the project; financing charges; interest prior to and during construction and for such period of time after completion of construction as shall be deemed necessary to allow the earnings of the project to become sufficient to meet the requirements of the bond issue; the cost of engineering, legal expenses, plans and specifications, and other expenses necessary or incident to determining the feasibility or practicability of the project; administrative expenses; and such other expenses as may be necessary or incident to the financing authorized in this chapter; the construction of any project, and the placing of same in operation.  Any obligation or expense incurred for any of the foregoing purposes shall be regarded as a part of the cost of the project and may be paid or reimbursed as such out of the proceeds of revenue bonds issued for such project under this chapter.
3. "Governing body" means the elected or duly appointed officials constituting the governing authority of the State of Georgia.
4. "Project" means the construction, installation, operation, or lease of any new airports in the state that are planned to be certificated under 14 C.F.R. Part 139 or any appurtenance thereto or the subsequent renovation or rehabilitation of such facility. A project may also include any fixtures, machinery, or equipment used on or in connection with any airport facilities.
5. "Revenue bonds" and "bonds" means any bonds of the authority which are authorized to be issued under the Constitution and laws of the State of Georgia, including refunding bonds but not including notes or other obligations of an authority.
6. "Self-liquidating" means that, in the judgment of the authority, the revenues and earnings to be derived by the authority from any project or combination of projects, together with any maintenance, repair, operational services, funds, rights of way, engineering services, and any other in-kind services to be received by the authority from appropriations of the General Assembly, other state agencies or authorities, the United States government, or any county or municipality shall be sufficient to provide for the maintenance, repair, and operation and to pay the principal and interest of revenue bonds which may be issued for the cost of such project, projects, or combination of projects.
7. "Service area" means the geographical area of operations of the authority and shall consist of the State of Georgia and, with the consent of the appropriate governing authorities thereof, nearby states. (Code 1981, § 6-4-3 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-4. Corporate existence; status as political subdivision.

The Georgia Airport Development Authority shall continue to be a body corporate and politic and an instrumentality and public corporation of the state known as the "Georgia Airport Development Authority." It shall have perpetual existence. In said name it may contract and be contracted with, sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, and complain and defend in all courts of this state, subject to the limitations of Code Section 6-4-15. The authority shall constitute a political subdivision within the meaning of Code Section 6-3-22 as enacted by the Georgia General Assembly in its 1992 regular session in Senate Bill 173.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-4 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-5. Appointment of members; terms; filling of vacancies; officers; quorum; reimbursement for expenses; compensation of employees; legal services.

1. The authority shall consist of eight members as follows:
   1. Five members to be appointed by the Governor, at least three of whom shall have expertise in the field of aviation;
   2. One member to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall not be a member of the General Assembly;
   3. One member to be appointed by the President of the Senate, who shall not be a member of the General Assembly; and
   4. The commissioner of transportation, who shall serve as chairman.

      Two members appointed by the Governor and the members appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate shall serve for initial terms of two years and until their successors are appointed and qualified. The remaining members appointed by the Governor shall serve for initial terms of four years and until their successors are appointed and qualified. Thereafter, all members shall serve for terms of four years and until their successors are appointed and qualified. Any vacancy among the members so appointed, whether caused by expiration of term, death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be filled in the same manner as the membership position so vacated was last regularly filled. When the vacancy occurs other than by expiration of term, it shall be filled for the unexpired term and until a successor is appointed and qualified.

2. The authority shall elect a secretary and a treasurer, who need not necessarily be members of the authority. A majority of the members of the authority shall constitute a quorum necessary for the transaction of business, and a majority vote of those present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be sufficient to do and perform any action permitted to the authority by this chapter. The chairman shall vote only in the event of a tie.
3. No vacancy on the authority shall impair the right of the quorum to transact any and all business as stated in this Code section. If any member of the authority has any pecuniary interest in a project, the fact of such interest shall be disclosed by such member and recorded in the minutes of the authority.  The member shall abstain from urging the approval of or voting on any project in which the member has a pecuniary interest.
4. The members of the authority shall receive no compensation for their services but all members shall be entitled to the expense allowance and travel cost reimbursement provided for members of certain boards and commissions pursuant to Code Section 45-7-21 while in the performance of their duties. Employees of the authority shall receive reasonable compensation for their services, the amount to be determined by the members of the authority.
5. The Attorney General shall provide legal services for the authority. In connection therewith, Code Sections 45-15-13 through 45-15-16 shall be fully applicable. (Code 1981, § 6-4-5 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-6. Members accountable as trustees; conflict of interests; books and records.

1. The members of the authority shall be accountable in all respects as trustees.
2. Every member of the authority and every employee of the authority who knowingly has any interest, direct or indirect, in any contract to which the authority is or is about to become a party, or in any other business of the authority, or in any firm or corporation doing business with the authority, shall make full disclosure of such interest to the authority. Failure to disclose such an interest shall constitute cause for which an authority member may be removed or an employee discharged or otherwise disciplined at the discretion of the authority.
3. Provisions of Article 1 of Chapter 10 of Title 16 and Code Sections 16-10-21 and 16-10-22, regulating the conduct of officers, employees, and agents of political subdivisions, municipal and other public corporations, and other public organizations, shall be applicable to the conduct of members, officers, employees, and agents of the authority.
4. Any contract or transaction of the authority involving a conflict of interest not disclosed under subsection (b) of this Code section, or involving a violation of Article 1 of Chapter 10 of Title 16 and Code Sections 16-10-21 and 16-10-22, or involving a violation of any other provision of law regulating conflicts of interest which is applicable to the authority or its members, officers, or employees shall be voidable by the authority.
5. The authority shall keep suitable and proper books and records of all receipts, income, and expenditures of every kind and shall submit for inspection all of such books, together with a proper statement of the authority's financial position, on or about December 31 of each year, to the state auditor. (Code 1981, § 6-4-6 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-7. General powers.

The authority shall have all of the powers necessary, proper, or convenient to carry out and effectuate the purposes and provisions of this chapter. The powers enumerated in this Code section are cumulative of and in addition to each other and other powers granted elsewhere in this chapter and no such power limits or restricts any other power of the authority. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the powers of the authority shall include the powers:

1. To bring and defend actions;
2. To adopt and amend a corporate seal;
3. To make and execute contracts, agreements, and other instruments necessary, proper, or convenient to exercise the powers of the authority and to further the public purpose for which the authority is created, including, but not limited to, contracts for construction of projects, leases of projects, operation of projects, sale of projects, agreements for loans to finance projects, and contracts with respect to the use of projects, including negotiated contracts with air carriers for the use of projects;
4. To plan, survey, subdivide, improve, administer, construct, erect, acquire, own, repair, remodel, maintain, add to, extend, improve, equip, operate, and manage projects, as defined in Code Section 6-4-3, to be located on property owned or leased by the authority; the cost of any such project shall be paid from its income, from any grant from the United States government or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or from any grant from this state;
5. In connection with any project, to acquire by purchase, lease, condemnation, or otherwise and to hold, lease, and dispose of real and personal property of every kind and character or any interest therein in furtherance of its corporate purposes;
6. In connection with any project, to acquire in its own name by purchase, on such terms and conditions and in such manner as it may deem proper or by condemnation in accordance with any and all existing laws applicable to the condemnation of property for public use, real property or rights or easements therein or franchises necessary or convenient for its corporate purposes; and to use the same so long as its corporate existence shall continue and to lease or make contracts with respect to the use of or to dispose of the same in any manner it deems to the best advantage of the authority, the authority being under no obligation to accept and pay for any property condemned under this chapter or under Code Section 6-2-20 except from the funds provided under the authority of this chapter; and, in any proceedings to condemn, such order may be made by the court having jurisdiction of the action or proceedings as may be just to the authority and to the owners of the property to be condemned; and no property shall be acquired under this chapter upon which any lien or other encumbrance exists unless at the time such property is so acquired a sufficient sum of money be deposited in trust to pay and redeem such lien or encumbrance in full;
7. To adopt regulations and fix, alter, charge, negotiate, and collect fares, rates, fees, tolls, and other charges for the use of such projects; fix penalties for the violation of said regulations; and establish liens to enforce payment of said charges, fees, and tolls, subject to existing contracts; to make such contracts, leases, or conveyances as the legitimate and necessary purposes of this chapter shall require, including, but not limited to, contracts with private parties for the operation or lease or assignment to private parties for operation, space, area, improvements, and equipment on such projects, provided in each case that in so doing the public is not deprived of its rightful, equal, and uniform use thereof;
8. To finance, by loan, grant, lease, or otherwise, and to construct, erect, assemble, purchase, acquire, own, repair, remodel, renovate, rehabilitate, modify, maintain, extend, improve, install, sell, equip, expand, add to, operate, or manage projects and to pay the cost of any project from the proceeds of revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations of the authority or any other funds of the authority or from any contributions or loans by persons, corporations, partnerships, limited or general, or other entities, all of which the authority is empowered to receive, accept, and use;
9. To borrow money to further or to carry out its public purpose and to execute revenue bonds, notes, other obligations, leases, trust indentures, trust agreements, agreements for the sale of its revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations, loan agreements, mortgages, deeds to secure debt, trust deeds, security agreements, assignments, and such other agreements or instruments as may be necessary or desirable, in the judgment of the authority, to evidence and to provide security for such borrowing;
10. To accept loans and grants, either or both, of money, materials, or property of any kind from the United States government or the State of Georgia or any political subdivision, authority, agency, or instrumentality of either of them, upon such terms and conditions as the United States government or the State of Georgia or such political subdivision, authority, agency, or instrumentality of either of them shall impose;
11. To hold, use, administer, and expend such sum or sums as may hereafter be received as income or gifts or as may be appropriated by authority of the General Assembly for any of the purposes of the authority;
12. To issue revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations of the authority and use the proceeds thereof for the purpose of paying or loaning the proceeds thereof to pay all or any part of the cost of any project and otherwise to further or carry out the public purpose of the authority and to pay all costs of the authority incident to, or necessary and appropriate to, furthering or carrying out such purpose;
13. To make application directly or indirectly to any federal, state, county, or municipal government or agency or to any other source, public or private, for loans, grants, guarantees, or other financial assistance in furtherance of the authority's public purposes and to accept and use the same upon such terms and conditions as are prescribed by such federal, state, county, or municipal government or agency or other source;
14. To enter into agreements with the federal government or any agency or corporation thereof to use the facilities of the federal government or agency or corporation thereof in order to further or carry out the public purposes of the authority;
15. To extend credit or make loans to any person, corporation, partnership, limited or general, or other entity for the costs of any project, which credit or loans may be evidenced or secured by loan agreements, notes, mortgages, deeds to secure debt, trust deeds, security agreements, assignments, or other instruments or by rentals, revenues, fees, or charges, upon such terms and conditions as the authority shall determine to be reasonable in connection with such extension of credit or loans, including provision for the establishment and maintenance of reserve funds, and, in the exercise of powers granted in connection with any project, the authority shall have the right and power to require the inclusion in any such loan agreement, note, mortgage, deed to secure debt, trust deed, security agreement, assignment, or other instrument of such provisions or requirements for guarantee of any obligations, insurance, construction, use, operation, maintenance, and financing of a project and such other terms and conditions as the authority may deem necessary or desirable;
16. As security for repayment of any revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations of the authority, to pledge, mortgage, convey, assign, hypothecate, or otherwise encumber any property of the authority, including, but not limited to, real property, fixtures, personal property, and revenues or other funds; and to execute any lease, trust indenture, trust agreement, agreement for the sale of the authority's revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations, loan agreement, mortgage, deed to secure debt, trust deed, security agreement, assignment, or other agreement or instrument as may be necessary or desirable in the judgment of the authority to secure any such revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations, which instruments or agreements may provide for foreclosure or forced sale of any property of the authority upon default in any obligation of the authority, either in payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest or in the performance of any term or condition contained in any such agreement or instrument.  The State of Georgia on behalf of itself and each county, municipal corporation, political subdivision, or taxing district therein waives any right the state or such county, municipal corporation, political subdivision, or taxing jurisdiction may have to prevent the forced sale or foreclosure of any property of the authority upon such default and agrees that any agreement or instrument encumbering such property may be foreclosed in accordance with law and terms thereof;
17. To receive and use the proceeds of any tax levied by the State of Georgia or any county or municipality thereof to pay the costs of any project or for any other purpose for which the authority may use its own funds pursuant to this chapter;
18. To receive and administer gifts, grants, and devises of money and property of any kind and to administer trusts;
19. To use any real property, personal property, or fixtures or any interest therein; to rent or lease such property to or from others or make contracts with respect to the use thereof; or to sell, lease, exchange, transfer, assign, pledge, or otherwise dispose of or grant options for any such property in any manner as it deems to be to the best advantage of the authority and the public purpose thereof;
20. To acquire, accept, or retain equitable interests, security interests, or other interests in any real property, personal property, or fixtures by loan agreement, note, mortgage, deed to secure debt, trust deed, security agreement, assignment, pledge, conveyance, contract, lien, loan agreement, or other consensual transfer in order to secure the repayment of any moneys loaned or credit extended by the authority;
21. To appoint, select, and employ officers, agents, and employees, including engineers, surveyors, architects, urban or city planners, construction experts, fiscal agents, attorneys, and others and to fix their compensation and pay their expenses;
22. To make, contract for, or otherwise cause to be made long-range plans or proposals for projects authorized in Code Section 6-4-2 within the service area, in cooperation with those political subdivisions within which such projects are located or are proposed to be located;
23. By or through its authorized agents or employees, to enter upon any lands, waters, and premises in the state for the purpose of making surveys, soundings, drillings, and examinations as the authority may deem necessary or convenient for the purposes of this chapter; and such entry shall not be deemed a trespass.  The authority shall, however, make reimbursement for any actual damages resulting from such activities;
24. To make reasonable regulations for installation, construction, maintenance, repairs, renewal, and relocation of pipes, mains, conduits, cables, wires, towers, poles, and other equipment and appliances of any public utility in, on, along, over, or under any project;
25. To exercise any power granted by laws of the State of Georgia to public or private corporations which is not in conflict with the Constitution and laws of Georgia; and
26. To do all things necessary, proper, or convenient to carry out the powers conferred by this chapter, including the adoption of rules and regulations. (Code 1981, § 6-4-7 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-8. Requirements for issuance of revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations.

Revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations issued by an authority shall be paid solely from the property, including, but not limited to, real property, fixtures, personal property, revenues, or other funds pledged, mortgaged, conveyed, assigned, hypothecated, or otherwise encumbered to secure or to pay such bonds, notes, or other obligations. All revenue bonds, notes, and other obligations shall be authorized by resolution of the authority, adopted by a majority vote of the members of the authority at a regular or special meeting. Such revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations shall bear such date or dates, shall mature at such time or times not more than 40 years from their respective dates, shall bear interest at such rate or rates, which may be fixed or may fluctuate or otherwise change from time to time, shall be subject to redemption on such terms, and shall contain such other terms, provisions, covenants, assignments, and conditions as the resolution authorizing the issuance of such bonds, notes, or other obligations may permit or provide. The terms, provisions, covenants, assignments, and conditions contained in or provided or permitted by any resolution of the authority authorizing the issuance of such revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations shall bind the members of the authority then in office and their successors. The authority shall have the power from time to time and whenever it deems refunding expedient to refund any bonds by the issuance of new bonds, whether the bonds to be refunded have or have not matured, and may issue partly to refund bonds then outstanding and partly for any other purpose permitted under this chapter. The refunding bonds may be exchanged for the bonds to be refunded with such cash adjustments as may be agreed upon or may be sold and the proceeds applied to the purchase or redemption of the bonds to be refunded. There shall be no limitation upon the amount of revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations which the authority may issue. Any limitations with respect to interest rates or any maximum interest rate or rates found in the usury laws of the State of Georgia, or any other laws of the State of Georgia, shall not apply to revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations of the authority.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-8 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-9. Additional provisions governing issuance of bonds, notes, or other obligations.

1. Subject to the limitations and procedures provided by this Code section, the agreements or instruments executed by the authority may contain such provisions not inconsistent with law as shall be determined by the members of the authority.
2. The proceeds derived from the sale of all bonds, notes, and other obligations issued by the authority shall be held and used for the ultimate purpose of paying, directly or indirectly as permitted in this chapter, all or part of the cost of any project or for the purpose of refunding any bonds, notes, or other obligations issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
3. Issuance by the authority of one or more series of bonds, notes, or other obligations for one or more purposes shall not preclude it from issuing other bonds, notes, or other obligations in connection with the same project or with any other projects, but the proceeding wherein any subsequent bonds, notes, or other obligations shall be issued shall recognize and protect any prior loan agreement, mortgage, deed to secure debt, trust deed, security agreement, or other agreement or instrument made for any prior issue of bonds, notes, or other obligations unless in the resolution authorizing such prior issue the right is expressly reserved to the authority to issue subsequent bonds, notes, or other obligations on a parity with such prior issue.
4. The authority shall have the power and is authorized, whenever bonds of the authority shall have been validated as provided in this chapter, to issue from time to time its notes in anticipation of such bonds as validated and to renew from time to time any such notes by the issuance of new notes, whether the notes to be renewed have or have not matured.  The authority may issue such bond anticipation notes only to provide funds which otherwise would be provided by the issuance of the bonds as validated.  Such notes may be authorized, sold, executed, and delivered in the same manner as bonds.  As with its bonds, the authority may sell such notes at public or private sale.  Any resolution or resolutions authorizing notes of the authority or any issue thereof may contain any provisions which the authority is authorized to include in any resolution or resolutions authorizing bonds of the authority or any issue thereof and which the authority is authorized to include in any bonds. Validations of such bonds shall be a condition precedent to the issuance of such notes, but it shall not be required that such notes be judicially validated.  Bond anticipation notes shall not be issued in an amount exceeding the par value of the bonds in anticipation of which they are to be issued.
5. All bonds issued by the authority under this chapter shall be issued and validated under and in accordance with Article 3 of Chapter 82 of Title 36, the "Revenue Bond Law," as heretofore and hereafter amended, except as provided in this chapter, provided that notes and other obligations of the authority may be, but shall not be required to be, so validated.
6. The authority shall determine the form of the bonds, including any interest coupons to be attached thereto, and shall fix the denomination or denominations of the bonds and the place or places of payment of principal and interest thereof, which may be at any bank or trust company within or outside the state. The bonds may be issued in coupon or registered form or both, as the authority may determine, and provision may be made for the registration of any coupon bond as to principal alone and also as to both principal and interest.
7. All bonds shall be signed by the chairman of the authority, and the official seal of the authority shall be affixed thereto and attested by the secretary of the authority, and any coupons attached thereto shall bear the signature or facsimile signature of the chairman of the authority.  Any coupon may bear the facsimile signature of such person, and any bond may be signed, sealed, and attested on behalf of the authority by such person as at the actual time of the execution of such bonds shall be duly authorized to hold the proper office although at the date of such bonds such person may not have been so authorized or shall not have held such office.  In case any officer whose signature shall appear on any bonds or whose facsimile signature shall appear on any coupon shall cease to be such officer before the delivery of such bonds, such signature shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if such officer had remained in office until such delivery.
8. In lieu of specifying the rate or rates of interest which bonds to be issued by the authority are to bear, the notice to the district attorney or the Attorney General, the notice to the public of the time, place, and date of the validation hearing, and the petition and complaint for validation may state that the bonds when issued will bear interest at a rate not exceeding a maximum per annum rate of interest, which may be fixed or may fluctuate or otherwise change from time to time, specified in such notices and petition and complaint or that, in the event the bonds are to bear different rates of interest for different maturity dates, that none of such rates will exceed the maximum rate which may be fixed or may fluctuate or otherwise change from time to time so specified; provided, however, that nothing contained in this subsection shall be construed as prohibiting or restricting the right of the authority to sell such bonds at a discount, even if in so doing the effective interest cost resulting therefrom would exceed the maximum per annum interest rates specified in such notices and in the petition and complaint.
9. The authority may also provide for the replacement of any bond which becomes mutilated or which is destroyed or lost.
10. The issuance of any bond, revenue bond, note, or other obligation or the incurring of any debt by the authority must, prior to such occurrence, be approved by the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission established by Article VII, Section IV, Paragraph VII of the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1983 or its successor. (Code 1981, § 6-4-9 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-10. Development of air transportation projects.

The implementation of new air transportation projects that are planned to accommodate 14 C.F.R. Part 121 aircraft operations within the State of Georgia develops and promotes for the public good and general welfare, trade, commerce, tourism, industry, and employment opportunities and promotes the general welfare of the state by creating a favorable climate for the location of new industry, trade, and commerce and the development of existing industry, trade, and commerce within the State of Georgia. It is therefore in the public interest and is vital to the public welfare of the people of Georgia and it is declared to be the public purpose of this chapter to so develop such air transportation projects within this state. No bonds, notes, or other obligations, except refunding bonds, shall be issued by the authority pursuant to this chapter unless its membership adopts a resolution finding that the project for which such bonds, notes, or other obligations are to be issued will promote the foregoing objectives.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-10 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-11. Liberal construction of chapter.

The provisions of this chapter shall be liberally construed to effect its stated purpose. The offer, sale, or issuance of bonds, notes, or other obligations by the authority shall not be subject to regulation under the laws of the State of Georgia regulating the sale of securities, as heretofore and hereafter amended. No notice, proceeding, or publication except those required by this chapter shall be necessary to the performance of any act authorized by this chapter nor shall any such act be subject to referendum.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-11 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-12. Obligations or indebtedness not to constitute indebtedness of state or political subdivisions.

No bonds, notes, or other obligations of and no indebtedness incurred by the authority shall constitute an indebtedness or obligation of the State of Georgia or any county, municipal corporation, or political subdivision thereof nor shall any act of the authority in any manner constitute or result in the creation of an indebtedness of the state or any such county, municipal corporation, or political subdivision. No holder or holders of any such bonds, notes, or other obligations shall ever have the right to compel any exercise of the taxing power of the state or any county, municipal corporation, or political subdivision thereof nor to enforce the payment thereof against the state or any such county, municipal corporation, or political subdivision; and all such bonds shall contain recitals on their face covering substantially the foregoing provisions of this Code section.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-12 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-13. Tax exemption.

It is found, determined, and declared that the creation of the Georgia Airport Development Authority and the carrying out of its corporate purposes are in all respects for the benefit of the people of this state and constitute a public purpose and that the authority will be performing an essential governmental function in the exercise of the power conferred upon it by this chapter. The authority shall be required to pay no taxes or assessments upon any of the property acquired by it or under its jurisdiction, control, possession, or supervision or upon its activities in the operation or maintenance of the facilities erected, maintained, or acquired by it nor upon any fees, rentals, or other charges for the use of such facilities or other income received by the authority. The state covenants with the holders from time to time of the bonds, notes, and other obligations issued under this chapter that the authority shall not be required to pay any taxes or assessments imposed by the state or any of its counties, municipal corporations, political subdivisions, or taxing districts on any property acquired by the authority or under its jurisdiction, control, possession, or supervision or leased by it to others or upon its activities in the operation or maintenance of any such property or on any income derived by the authority in the form of fees, recording fees, rentals, charges, purchase price, installments, or otherwise, and that the bonds, notes, and other obligations of the authority, their transfer, and the income therefrom shall at all times be exempt from taxation within the state.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-13 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-14. Police powers.

The authority is empowered to exercise such of the police powers of the state as may be necessary to maintain peace and order and to enforce any and all restrictions upon its properties and facilities, to the extent that such is lawful under the laws of the United States and this state; however, the authority may delegate the exercise of this function for a time or permanently to the state or to the county in which its projects are located.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-14 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-15. Other authorities unaffected by provisions of chapter.

This chapter shall not affect any other authority now or hereafter existing under general or local constitutional amendment or general or local law.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-15 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-4-16. Venue and jurisdiction of actions.

Any action to protect or enforce any rights under this chapter and any action pertaining to validation of any bonds issued under this chapter brought in the courts of this state shall be brought in the Superior Court of Fulton County, which shall have exclusive jurisdiction of such actions.

(Code 1981, § 6-4-16 , enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1615, § 1.)

6-5-1. Short title.

This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Georgia Aviation Authority Act."

(Code 1981, § 6-5-1 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.)

6-5-2. Definitions.

As used in this chapter, the term:

1. "Authority" means the Georgia Aviation Authority.
2. "State aircraft" means any aircraft, including equipment, owned, leased, rented, chartered, or otherwise obtained by the authority. (Code 1981, § 6-5-2 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.)

6-5-3. Georgia Aviation Authority created; membership and personnel; administrative purposes.

1. There is created a body corporate and politic to be known as the Georgia Aviation Authority which shall be deemed to be an instrumentality of the state and a public corporation, and by that name, style, and title the body may contract and be contracted with, implead and be impleaded, and bring and defend actions in all courts. The authority shall consist of the Governor or his or her designee, the Lieutenant Governor or his or her designee, the Speaker of the House of Representatives or his or her designee, the commissioner of transportation, the commissioner of public safety, the commissioner of economic development, the commissioner of natural resources, the director of the State Forestry Commission, and two persons from the aviation business community with one such member of the aviation business community to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the other such member of the aviation business community to be appointed by the President of the Senate. The chairperson of the authority shall be a member of the authority elected for a two-year term by a majority vote of the members of the authority. A chairperson may not serve more than two consecutive terms as chairperson. The authority shall make rules and regulations for its own governance. It shall have perpetual existence.
2. The authority is assigned to the Department of Administrative Services for administrative purposes only as prescribed in Code Section 50-4-3.
3. The authority may in its discretion employ an executive director and other personnel. The authority may also by agreement with any department or agency of state government make use of personnel of such department or agency.
4. The authority shall be subject to Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act."
5. The authority may designate personnel positions employed by the authority as peace officers who shall be required by the terms of their employment to give their full time to the preservation of public order, the protection of life and property, the detection of crime, and such other duties as may be specified by the authority. Personnel in such positions shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 8 of Title 35, the "Georgia Peace Officer Standards and Training Act," and shall have the power of arrest in the performance of their duties. (Code 1981, § 6-5-3 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85; Ga. L. 2011, p. 409, § 1/HB 414.)

The 2011 amendment, effective May 11, 2011, inserted "the commissioner of economic development," in the second sentence in subsection (a).

6-5-4. Purpose of the authority; powers; support; annual audits.

1. 1. 1. The general purpose of the authority shall be to acquire, operate, maintain, house, and dispose of all state aviation assets, to provide aviation services and oversight of state aircraft and aviation operations to ensure the safety of state air travelers and aviation property, to achieve policy objectives through aviation missions, and to provide for the efficient operation of state aircraft.
      2. This Code section shall not diminish those powers and duties of the Department of Natural Resources under Code Section 12-2-11, the State Forestry Commission under Code Section 12-6-22.1, or the Department of Public Safety under Code Section 35-2-140.
   2. 1. All aircraft previously transferred to the authority by the Department of Public Safety and associated parts and equipment and a percentage of the budgeted operating funds associated with such aircraft shall be transferred on September 1, 2011, back to the custody and control of the Department of Public Safety; provided, however, that this chapter shall have no application to aircraft owned or operated by the Department of Defense.
      2. All aircraft under the custody and control of the authority as of June 30, 2012, which were previously transferred to the authority by the Department of Natural Resources and associated parts and equipment and any budgeted operating funds associated with such aircraft shall be transferred on July 1, 2012, back to the custody and control of the Department of Natural Resources.
      3. All aircraft under the custody and control of the authority as of June 30, 2012, which were previously transferred to the authority by the State Forestry Commission and associated parts and equipment and any budgeted operating funds associated with such aircraft shall be transferred on July 1, 2012, back to the custody and control of the State Forestry Commission.
      4. For purposes of aerial aviation photography, the King Air 90 aircraft that was specially equipped and adapted to perform essential aerial photography under the custody and control of the authority as of June 30, 2012, which was previously transferred to the authority by the Department of Transportation, and associated parts and equipment specific to that aircraft shall be transferred on July 1, 2012, back to the custody and control of the Department of Transportation. The Department of Transportation shall have the authority to own, operate, maintain, and dispose of aircraft to support the aerial photography mission needs of the department.
   3. On and after July 1, 2009, or a later date determined by the Governor, no entity of state government shall acquire, lease, or charter any aircraft other than through the authority.
   4. 1. Any person who is employed by an entity of state government as a pilot and who is required by the terms of his or her employment to comply with the requirements of Chapter 8 of Title 35, the "Georgia Peace Officer Standards and Training Act," may remain in the employment of the employing agency but shall be transferred for administrative purposes only to the authority on July 1, 2009, in compliance with subsection (c) of Code Section 6-5-3.
      2. The provisions of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph notwithstanding:
         1. Those persons who are employed by the Department of Public Safety who are assigned for administrative purposes only to the authority shall be transferred back to the Department of Public Safety on September 1, 2011, and shall no longer be under the administration or direction of the authority;
         2. Any persons who as of June 30, 2012, were employed by the authority pursuant to previous transfer from the Department of Natural Resources to the authority shall be transferred back to the Department of Natural Resources on July 1, 2012, and shall no longer be under the administration or direction of the authority; and
         3. Any persons who as of June 30, 2012, were employed by the authority pursuant to previous transfer from the State Forestry Commission to the authority shall be transferred back to the State Forestry Commission on July 1, 2012, and shall no longer be under the administration or direction of the authority.
   5. 1. 1. All state aircraft required for the proper conduct of the business of the several administrative departments, boards, bureaus, commissions, authorities, offices, or other agencies of Georgia and authorized agents of the General Assembly, or either branch thereof, and department owned airfields and their appurtenances shall be managed and maintained by the authority.
         2. The provisions of division (i) of this subparagraph notwithstanding:
            1. All airfields and appurtenances, including hangars, previously transferred by the Department of Public Safety to the authority shall be transferred back to the Department of Public Safety on September 1, 2011;
            2. All airfields and appurtenances, including hangars, previously transferred by the Department of Natural Resources to the authority shall be transferred back to the Department of Natural Resources on July 1, 2012; and
            3. All airfields and appurtenances, including hangars, previously transferred by the State Forestry Commission to the authority shall be transferred back to the State Forestry Commission on July 1, 2012.
      2. The cost for the use of such state aircraft shall be charged by the authority to the using state entity. The amount of such charge shall be determined by the authority.
   6. 1. The authority shall be authorized to dispose of any state aircraft and apply the proceeds derived therefrom to the purchase of replacement aviation assets.
      2. This paragraph shall not apply to state aircraft assigned to the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Natural Resources, or the State Forestry Commission.
2. In the furtherance of its purpose, the authority shall have the power to:
   1. Hire, organize, and train personnel to operate, maintain, house, purchase, and dispose of aviation assets;
   2. Purchase, maintain, develop, and modify facilities to support aviation assets and operations;
   3. Develop operating, maintenance, safety, security, training, education, and scheduling standards for state aviation operations and conduct inspections, audits, and other similar oversight to determine practices and compliance with such standards;
   4. Develop an accountability system for state aviation operations and activities;
   5. Identify the costs associated with the training, education, and purchase, operation, maintenance, and administration of state aircraft and aviation operations and related facilities; develop an appropriate billing structure; and charge agencies and other state entities for the costs of state aircraft and aviation operations; provided, however, that any billing to an agency by the authority shall be suspended whenever the Governor declares a state of emergency on any cost associated with aircraft used during and in response to the state of emergency;
   6. Retain appropriate external consulting and auditing expertise;
   7. Engage aviation industry representatives to ensure best practices for state aviation assets;
   8. Delegate certain powers pursuant to this chapter to other state entities; and
   9. Otherwise implement appropriate and efficient management practices for state aviation operations.
3. 1. The authority shall provide priority support for those state agencies and departments, including local and state public safety and law enforcement entities, whose operations require aviation operations when requested.
   2. 1. No state entity other than the authority shall be authorized without the approval of the authority to expend state funds to purchase, lease, rent, charter, maintain, or repair state aircraft to be used in connection with state business or to employ a person whose official duties consist of piloting state aircraft.
      2. This paragraph shall not apply to the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Natural Resources, or the State Forestry Commission.
4. The funds and assets of the authority, as well as the performance of the authority, its services, and equipment, shall be audited annually by the state auditor. The results of such audit shall be open to inspection at reasonable times by any person. A copy of the audit report shall be sent to the state accounting officer. The authority shall also provide the Governor, the Speaker of the House, the President of the Senate, the chairperson of the House Committee on Public Safety and Homeland Security, the chairperson of the Senate Public Safety Committee, the chairperson of the Senate Veterans, Military and Homeland Security Committee, the chairperson of the House Committee on Transportation, and the chairperson of the Senate Transportation Committee with a copy of the state audit report which shall include a full report of the activities and services of the authority. The performance audit report shall be provided no later than December 31, 2013.
5. On September 1, 2011, the six aviation mechanic positions that were previously transferred by the Department of Public Safety to the authority shall be returned to the Department of Public Safety along with the funds budgeted for such positions. (Code 1981, § 6-5-4 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85; Ga. L. 2011, p. 409, § 2/HB 414; Ga. L. 2012, p. 1082, § 1/SB 339.)

The 2011 amendment, effective May 11, 2011, in subsection (a), inserted ", except those aviation assets of the Department of Public Safety" in the first sentence, rewrote the second sentence, which read: "All aircraft owned or operated as of July 1, 2009, or a later date determined by the Governor, by any other entity of state government shall be transferred on that date to the custody and control of the authority; provided, however, that this chapter shall have no application to aircraft owned or operated by the Department of Defense.", inserted ", other than the Department of Public Safety," in the third sentence, substituted "may remain in the employment" for "shall remain in the employment" in the fourth sentence, and added the provisos in the fourth and fifth sentences; in subsection (c), added "when requested" at the end of the first sentence, and inserted "and the Department of Public Safety" in the last sentence; and added subsection (e).

The 2012 amendment, effective July 1, 2012, rewrote this Code section.

Cross references. - State aviation operations, § 35-2-140 .

Code Commission notes. - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 2012, "Code Section 12-6-22.1" was substituted for "Code Section 12-6-25" in subparagraph (a)(1)(B); a period was added at the end of subparagraph (a)(4)(A); a semicolon was substituted for a period at the end of division (a)(4)(B)(i) and subdivision (a)(5)(A)(ii)(I); and "; and" was substituted for a period at the end of division (a)(4)(B)(ii) and subdivision (a)(5)(A)(ii)(II).

6-5-5. Additional powers of the authority.

In addition to the powers specified in Code Section 6-5-4, the authority shall have the powers:

1. To have a seal and alter the same at its pleasure;
2. To acquire by purchase, lease, or otherwise and to hold, lease, and dispose of real and personal property of every kind and character for its corporate purposes;
3. To acquire in its own name by purchase, on such terms and conditions and in such manner as it may deem proper real property or rights of easements therein or franchises necessary or convenient for its corporate purposes and to use the same so long as its corporate existence shall continue and to lease or make contracts with respect to the use of or disposal of the same in any manner it deems to the best advantage of the authority. No property shall be acquired under this chapter upon which any lien or other encumbrance exists unless at the time such property is so acquired a sufficient sum of money is deposited in trust to pay and redeem the fair value of the lien or encumbrance; and if the authority shall deem it expedient to construct any project on lands which are a part of the real estate holdings of the state, the Governor is authorized to execute for and on behalf of the state a lease of the lands to the authority for such parcel or parcels as shall be needed for a period not to exceed 50 years. If the authority shall deem it expedient to construct any project on any other lands the title to which shall then be in the state, the Governor is authorized to convey, for and in behalf of the state, title to such lands to the authority;
4. To appoint and select officers, agents, and employees, including pilots, maintenance workers, engineering, architectural, aviation, and construction experts, fiscal agents, and attorneys, and fix their compensation and otherwise adopt policies that establish a system of sound personnel management;
5. To make contracts and leases and to execute all instruments necessary or convenient, including contracts for construction of projects and leases of projects or contracts with respect to the use of projects which it causes to be erected or acquired; and any and all political subdivisions, departments, institutions, or agencies of the state are authorized to enter into contracts, leases, or agreements with the authority upon such terms and for such purposes as they deem advisable. Without limiting the generality of the above, authority is specifically granted to any department, board, commission, or agency of the state to enter into contracts and lease agreements for the use or concerning the use of any structure, building, or facilities or a combination of any two or more structures, buildings, or facilities of the authority for a term not exceeding 50 years; and any department, board, commission, or agency of the state may obligate itself to pay an agreed sum for the use of the property so leased and also to obligate itself as part of the lease contract to pay the cost of maintaining, repairing, and operating the property leased from the authority;
6. To accept loans or grants of money or materials or property of any kind from the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof upon such terms and conditions as the United States or the agency or instrumentality may impose;
7. To exercise any power usually possessed by private corporations performing similar functions, which is not in conflict with the Constitution and laws of this state; and
8. To do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers expressly given in this chapter. (Code 1981, § 6-5-5 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.)

6-5-6. Moneys received deemed trust funds.

All moneys received pursuant to the authority of this chapter shall be deemed trust funds to be held and applied solely as provided in this chapter.

(Code 1981, § 6-5-6 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.)

6-5-7. Public purpose of authority; responding to emergencies.

1. It is found, determined, and declared that the creation of the authority and the carrying out of its corporate purpose are in all respects for the benefit of the people of this state and are a public purpose and the authority will be performing an essential governmental function in the exercise of the power conferred upon it by this chapter.
2. In order to ensure that addressing emergency law enforcement needs is the authority's first priority, the authority, in coordination with the Board of Public Safety, shall adopt policies and procedures to ensure that responding to emergencies, imminent threats to individual and public safety, natural disasters, or other emergency law enforcement needs is met. The authority shall be exempt from all sales and use tax on property purchased, leased, or used by the authority. (Code 1981, § 6-5-7 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.)

6-5-8. Jurisdiction for action.

Any action to protect or enforce any rights under this chapter shall be brought in the Superior Court of Fulton County.

(Code 1981, § 6-5-8 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.)

6-5-9. Liberal construction.

This chapter, being for the welfare of the state and its inhabitants, shall be liberally construed to effect the purposes hereof.

(Code 1981, § 6-5-9 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.)

6-5-10. Termination.

Repealed by Ga. L. 2011, p. 409, § 3/HB 414, effective May 11, 2011.

Editor's notes. - This Code section was based on Code 1981, § 6-5-10 , enacted by Ga. L. 2009, p. 848, § 1/SB 85.

Ga. L. 2016, p. 864, § 6/HB 737, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, purported to designate this Code section as repealed; however, due to the pre-existing designation of this Code section as repealed, this amendment has not been given effect.